Mild allergic reactions often manifest themselves with symptoms such as sneezing, an itchy nose, red and itchy eyes, and swollen eyelids. An itchy rash may also occur, and less commonly, lip swelling.

 

In case of mild reactions, the following immediate measures should be taken:

• The allergen must be removed as quickly as possible.

• An antihistamine should be administered.

• A cooling gel can be applied to the affected area.

• The affected area should also be cooled.

• It is important to continue to observe the child in order to detect any possible worsening of symptoms at an early stage.

Severe allergic reactions usually occur in addition to the symptoms listed above. Typical signs include shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, a severe itchy skin rash, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and severe swelling of the mucous membranes—especially of the lips or tongue. In severe cases, anaphylaxis may occur.

In such situations, an ambulance must be called immediately by dialing 144.

 

For children with known allergies, the doctor usually provides an emergency kit. This includes:

• An oral antihistamine,

• an oral cortisone preparation and

• an adrenaline emergency pen for intramuscular injection.

 

Using the adrenaline emergency pen:

• The pen is grasped in the fist – the cap must be removed first, with the needle on the opposite side and not visible.

• The pen is then placed on the side of the thigh.

• It is then pressed firmly against the thigh.

• The pen must remain in this position for at least 10 seconds to ensure the adrenaline is injected correctly.

• The effect takes place after 2 to 3 minutes.